Federal Income Tax Calculator

How to use

1. 1Choose the tax year (2025 is filed in early 2026, 2024 is filed in 2025).
2. 2Select your filing status: single, married filing jointly, married filing separately, or head of household.
3. 3Enter your gross annual income, and optionally any pre-tax deductions like a traditional 401(k) or HSA.
4. 4Pick the standard deduction, enter itemized deductions, or choose none if your income is already taxable income.
5. 5Read your estimated federal income tax, effective rate, marginal rate, and the per-bracket breakdown, then copy the summary.

About this tool

Federal Income Tax Calculator estimates the US federal income tax you owe on ordinary income for tax years 2024 and 2025, entirely in your browser. Pick a tax year and one of the four filing statuses (single, married filing jointly, married filing separately, or head of household), enter your gross annual income, and the tool subtracts your deduction, applies the published IRS bracket schedule, and shows the tax, your effective rate, your marginal rate, and how much income you keep. The point most people miss about a progressive system is that a single rate never applies to all of your income. The United States uses seven marginal rates (10, 12, 22, 24, 32, 35, and 37 percent), and each rate applies only to the slice of taxable income that falls inside its bracket. Moving into the 24 percent bracket does not tax your whole salary at 24 percent; it taxes only the dollars above that bracket's floor at 24 percent. This calculator makes that concrete with a per-bracket breakdown table that shows exactly how many of your dollars are taxed at each rate and what that costs, so the gap between your marginal rate (the top rate that touches your income) and your effective rate (the blended average across all brackets) is obvious. Taxable income is not the same as gross income. The tool first subtracts any optional pre-tax deductions you enter, such as traditional 401(k) or HSA contributions, then applies either the standard deduction for your year and status or your own itemized total, whichever you choose. If your itemized amount comes in below the standard deduction, the tool flags it, because taking the larger of the two is almost always the better move. The standard deduction figures are built in: for 2025 they are 15,750 for single and married filing separately, 31,500 for married filing jointly, and 23,625 for head of household, with the 2024 amounts available when you switch years. A few honest limits keep the estimate trustworthy. This models federal income tax on ordinary income only. It does not calculate FICA payroll tax (Social Security and Medicare), state or local income tax, the preferential 0, 15, and 20 percent rates on long-term capital gains and qualified dividends, the Alternative Minimum Tax, the Net Investment Income Tax, the Qualified Business Income deduction, or credits such as the Child Tax Credit and Earned Income Tax Credit. Because it excludes payroll and state tax, the income-after-tax figure is not a paycheck or take-home number; it is your income minus the estimated federal income tax only. Use it to understand your bracket position, compare filing statuses, and sanity-check a withholding or planning decision, then confirm the final figure with the IRS instructions or a tax professional. Your income figures are never uploaded; every calculation runs locally on your device.

Free to use. Works in your browser. No signup, no login.