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CAGR Calculator

Calculate compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from beginning and ending values. Project ending values, compare two investments, and see a year-by-year table.

CAGR calculator

Enter the beginning value, ending value, and number of years to find the annualized growth rate.

Inputs

Fractional values are supported. Enter 2.5 for two and a half years.

Result

Compound annual growth rate

20.11%

per year, geometric mean

CAGR (precise)
20.1124%
Total growth
+$15,000.00
Multiple
2.5x
Doubling time
3.78 years
Rule of 72 approx
3.58 years

Year-by-year breakdown

YearValueGrowth vs startMultiple
0$10,000.00+$0.001x
1$12,011.24+$2,011.241.2011x
2$14,427.00+$4,427.001.4427x
3$17,328.62+$7,328.621.7329x
4$20,813.83+$10,813.832.0814x
5$25,000.00+$15,000.002.5x

Values are the smooth CAGR path. Real assets fluctuate; this table shows what each year would look like if growth were perfectly constant.

CAGR vs simple ROI

Simple ROI is the total percentage change between two values without any reference to time: an investment that doubles is +100% ROI whether it took 1 year or 30. CAGR converts that total return into the equivalent steady annual rate, so a doubling in 1 year is 100% CAGR and a doubling in 30 years is about 2.34% CAGR. Quote CAGR whenever the horizon matters; quote simple ROI for a single checkpoint.

CAGR vs IRR

CAGR assumes a single deposit and a single withdrawal. IRR (internal rate of return) supports a series of cash flows: contributions, withdrawals, and the final liquidation. If you have a single buy and a single sell, CAGR and IRR agree. If you contribute monthly or take partial withdrawals, use NPV and IRR for an accurate blended return.

Doubling time and the Rule of 72

The exact doubling time at a constant rate r is ln(2) divided by ln(1 + r). The Rule of 72 (72 / r in percent) is a quick mental shortcut and is accurate to within a few percent for rates between 5% and 15%. The Result panel shows both values so you can compare the textbook number with the back-of-envelope estimate.

What CAGR does not include

CAGR is a smoothed average. It hides intermediate volatility, dividends paid out and not reinvested, taxes, fees, currency effects, and any contributions or withdrawals between the two checkpoints. A 12% CAGR over five years is a useful summary, not a guarantee of a steady 12% in any given year.

How to use

  1. Pick a mode at the top: Find CAGR, Find ending value, or Compare investments.
  2. For Find CAGR, enter the beginning value, the ending value, and the number of years (decimals allowed). Use the preset chips for common scenarios.
  3. For Find ending value, enter a beginning value, a target CAGR percent, and a time horizon to project the ending value and the year-by-year smooth path.
  4. For Compare investments, fill in both A and B with their own values and years; the result panel ranks them by annualized return and shows the basis-point gap.
  5. Pick a currency for the display, then read the result panel for CAGR, total growth, multiple, doubling time, and Rule of 72.
  6. Click Copy CAGR percent or Copy summary to paste a clean breakdown into a spreadsheet, deal memo, or shareholder note.

About this tool

CAGR Calculator finds the Compound Annual Growth Rate (also called the annualized return or the geometric mean return) of an investment, business metric, or any quantity that changes over time. CAGR is the constant annual rate that, applied uniformly across the time horizon, takes the beginning value to the ending value. It is the single rate that satisfies B times (1 + r) to the n equals E, computed in closed form as (E divided by B) to the power of (1 divided by n), minus 1. Three modes cover every flavor of the question: Find CAGR takes a beginning value, an ending value, and a number of years and returns the rate, the total growth, the multiple, the exact doubling time, and the quick Rule of 72 approximation, plus a year-by-year breakdown that traces the smooth CAGR path so the reader can see how a steady rate would compound. Find ending value reverses the math: pick a beginning value, a target CAGR, and a time horizon, and the tool projects the ending value and the same growth multiple, useful for setting savings goals, modeling revenue plans, or pricing a long-term forecast. Compare investments takes two scenarios with independent beginning values, ending values, and horizons, normalizes them to annualized return, and ranks them with the basis-point gap surfaced explicitly so a 12.4% return over 5 years can be honestly compared to an 11.1% return over 8 years. Fractional years are supported throughout (enter 2.5 for two and a half years), negative growth is handled (declining revenue, drawdowns, real estate corrections), and the currency picker switches between US Dollar, Euro, British Pound, Canadian Dollar, Australian Dollar, Indian Rupee, Japanese Yen, Turkish Lira, or no symbol at all. The page also explains the practical differences between CAGR and simple ROI (no time component), CAGR and IRR (no intermediate cash flows), and CAGR and the Rule of 72 (a mental shortcut that drifts at high rates), so the reader can pick the right metric for the conversation they need to have. Presets cover the most-cited shapes: stock index over a decade, SaaS ARR scale-up, home appreciation over 20 years, the rate that doubles money in 7 years, and a declining business. Every calculation runs locally in your browser using deterministic IEEE 754 arithmetic, so the prices, balances, and revenue numbers you analyze never leave your device.

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